Steel Structures

Beams/Columns/Connections
A - area
Ae - effective area
Ag - gross area
An - net area
Cb - moment gradient factor lateral torsional buckling
Cm - bending factor for braced beam-column
Cw - warping constant in6
E - modulus of elasticity 29000 ksi
EI - flexural rigidity of frame members
f - stress
fa - axial compressive stress
fb - flexural stress
Fa - allowable axial compressive stress
Fcr - Elastic Buckling Stress (compression & bending)
Fe - Euler buckling stress
Fn - nominal strength
Fu - ultimate tensile stress
J - Polar Moment of Inertia
K - effective length factor for compression members
Lb - unbraced length
M1 & M2 - Moments at ends of unbraced member
Mn - nominal bending strength
Mu - factored-load moment
Mr - yield moment = 0.7FyS
p - axial strength coefficient
P - axial force
Pc - available axial strength
Pcr - critical buckling load
Pe - Euler buckling load
Pn - nominal strength
Pnt - axial load in beam-column
Pr - required axial strength
Pu - factored concentrated load
S - elastic section modulus
rts - weak axis radius of gyration
∅ - resistance factor
Δ - deflection second order displacement
δ - axial deformation, deflection